Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 45

Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 45

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   A major challenge to management in the late 1970s and early 1980s
was the need to increase the productivity of American business. Before
that, the productivity growth rate of US industry had begun to fall
behind Japan and even Western Europe. If the country's economy was
5  to go forward a radical change in productivity was called for.

But to return to the high productivity growth rate of the years when
the US was still the world leader required many changes and solutions
to problems. Management, for a start, had to be revitalized, re-thought
10 out. The energy problem, both the shortage and the high price, had
to be solved. Business operations as a whole had to be improved.
Above all, efficiency, basically the efficiency of the management
since it directly affects the efficiency of the labor force, had
to be improved. This meant better efficiency in employing all the
15 necessary resources, whether they be natural, human or financial.


Effective management, therefore, was realized to be the sole key factor
for increasing productivity and returning the US economy to the number
20 one spot.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) The increase of productivity in the US.
(B) A comparison of productivity rates in the US, Japan and Western Europe.
(C) The need for changes in US productivity.
(D) The US economy.
2. Which country or continent was probably the world leader in productivity in the early 1970s?
(A) The US
(B) Japan
(C) Western Europe
(D) Germany
3. According to the author what was the problem with American management?
(A) They were short of managers.
(B) It lacked effectiveness.
(C) They had a poor education.
(D) There were too many problems.
4. What does the author imply will happen if the management is not efficient?
(A) More workers will have to employed.
(B) All resources will have to be better.
(C) The workers will be inefficient.
(D) Directors will take over the management.
5. What does the author feel is the most important way to increase productivity?
(A) A combined use of all the necessary resources.
(B) Close cooperation between management and labor.
(C) The return of the economy to its previous position.
(D) More effective management.

Xem lại bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 44 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 45

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Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 44

Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 44

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   Many forces, hospital managers, medical practitioners, parents too,
continue to increase pressure to do more outpatient surgery for children.

The emphasis on faster operating room turnaround time, more effective
5  use of space and personnel and the presumed resulting cost reduction
are commonly sought goals. These goals are important for all patients,
but especially for the pediatric patient, who being much younger
is free from systemic disease and requires simpler, shorter surgical
procedures, and a shorter convalescence.
10
Despite many advantages pediatric outpatient surgery can have problems.
Since children are usually healthy and usually recover from surgery,
some doctors may assume that all such patients are outpatient candidates.
There may be delays and inappropriate scheduling caused by rush,
15 by inappropriate consultation and previously undiagnosed diseases.

However, nearly all problems can be solved by proper patient selection.
Many more patients than at present can undergo outpatient anesthesia,
reducing the separation time of the child from the family. The advantages
20 listed above will be enhanced when combined with appropriate postoperative
discharge criteria and out-of-hospital care. Everyone will benefit:
the child, the family, the physician, the hospital staff and even
the third party payer.

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
(A) To force hospital managers to increase outpatient surgery for children.
(B) To emphasize faster operating room turnaround time.
(C) To inform parents about outpatient surgery.
(D) To put forward reasons in favor of pediatric outpatient surgery.
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the aims mentioned in the passage?
(A) More personnel.
(B) Quicker use of operating rooms.
(C) Better use of available space.
(D) Saving costs.
3. What does the author imply by saying that some doctors assume that all children can be outpatients?
(A) They may forget about other patients.
(B) They may make a mistake.
(C) They may think all patients are not healthy.
(D) They may be in a rush.
4. The audience for this passage could most likely be?
(A) Hospital managers
(B) The parents of pediatric patients
(C) Physicians
(D) The Department of Health
5. What is the author's attitude towards more outpatient surgery for children?
(A) He is against.
(B) He thinks it unlikely to happen.
(C) He is in favor.
(D) He thinks there are too many problems.

Xem lại bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 43 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 44

• Level A ( Trình độ A )
• Level B ( Trình độ B )
• Level C ( Trình độ C )
• TOEFL Test
• Incorrect word-TOEFL

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 43

Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 43

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   The United States of America comprises probably the greatest mixture
of nationalities and races to be found anywhere in the world. The
fact that most of these people entered the country as immigrants
and later were awarded naturalization is a leading factor behind
5  both the growth and philosophy of what has become one of the greatest
nations of all time. Without immigration the US would have remained
an insular, second-class country which despite its size, or maybe
because of it, would nowadays be rated with Russia, India or Mexico.

10 Very important to this immigration is the diversity. Firstly, the
majority of immigrants came from Europe. Then, they came mainly from
the American continent. Finally, Asia has become the area from which
most immigrants come, that is if we don't count illegal immigrants,
for if we include these the Americas still supply the largest number
15 of people coming into the country. Of course, we must not forget
the large number of Africans that were brought over as slaves and
have remained to become full American citizens.

We can say that this variety of peoples truly does represent the whole
20 world; we can even find Australasian immigrants. And it is this diversity
that has certainly created many, still unsolved, problems, but it
has also created a truly world nation, one that has been able to
draw on the intrinsic skills and qualities of every nation of the
world.

1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(A) Nationalities in the US
(B) Immigration to the US
(C) The Greatest Nation of all Time
(D) Races of the World
2. Why in the opinion of the author has the U.S.A. become a great country?
(A) There have been so many immigrants.
(B) There has been great growth.
(C) Becaue of its philosophy.
(D) Immigrants have been granted naturalization.
3. According to the passage from which continent do most people coming to the US come from?
(A) Asia
(B) America
(C) Africa
(D) Europe
4. What do we understand the author to mean by the word 'even' in line 20?
(A) He is saying there is an especially large amount of Australasian immigrants.
(B) He is saying that only Australasians are not immigrants.
(C) He is saying that there are possibly some Australasian immigrants.
(D) He is emphasizing the fact there are Australasian immigrants too.
5. What is the tone of the passage?
(A) Criticizing.
(B) Condemning.
(C) Praising.
(D) Doubting.

Xem lại bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 42 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 43

• Level A ( Trình độ A )
• Level B ( Trình độ B )
• Level C ( Trình độ C )
• TOEFL Test
• Incorrect word-TOEFL

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 42

Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 42

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   Adam Smith thought up the principle of division of labor two centuries
ago. Well, to be honest, he couldn't be said to have invented it;
the principle was used by the ancient Egyptians to build the pyramids.
He was however the person who put it down in writing, and it became
5  the classic principle on which the Industrial Revolution was based.
Now, it's time for Adam to move over. Re-engineering has appeared
and appears to be taking over from the old principles.

If you want to make a good company a better one, you need re-engineering.
10 The book by Michael Hammer and his co-author, Re-engineering the
Corporations, calls for radically changing the way most companies
are run. No longer should work be divided into different tasks, but
instead the whole process of work has to be re-conceptualized. That
is if a company wants to achieve more than an acceptable increase
15 in productivity and profits.

Today business is no longer a series of functions, but a process of
work that requires a horizontal set-up. There should be team work.
New procedures and new strategies should be continually established.
20 Information technology must be fully utilized. Above all, production
should be geared towards serving customers better and taking full
advantage of new technologies. Re-engineering involves a totally
new approach to business, one which if achieved will lead to steady,
even sensational, improvements in performance and consequently in
25 market share.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) Adam Smith
(B) The division of labor
(C) Corporations
(D) Re-engineering
2. What does the author imply about Adam Smith?
(A) That he was instrumental in helping start the Industrial Revolution.
(B) That he wrote the principle of the division of labor.
(C) That he created the principal on which the Industrial Revolution was based.
(D) That he wrote about the ancient Egyptians.
3. What doesn't re-engineering call for?
(A) The process of work should be re-conceptualized.
(B) Work should be divided into different tasks.
(C) The way companies are run should be changed.
(D) Business should be managed in a different way.
4. What is the most important factor in re-engineering?
(A) Team work
(B) New strategies
(C) Information technology
(D) The customer
5. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to re-engineering.
(A) It is too sensational.
(B) It is too new.
(C) It is extremely useful.
(D) It is too steady.

Xem lại bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 41 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 42

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• Level C ( Trình độ C )
• TOEFL Test
• Incorrect word-TOEFL

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 41

Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 41

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   American beer is probably, together with French beer, the most maligned
beer in the world. Americans possibly care more for liquor and the
French definitely like their wine. But now American beer is making
a comeback; it's pushing foreign imported beers off supermarket shelves
5  and is even causing ripples in markets abroad. And the secret to
all this is the microbrew.

Inspired by a campaign for real ale in Britain, which was successful
at keeping mass-marketed beers from destroying the small, local breweries,
10 the microbrew started in the 1970s on the west coast. However, in
the 80s, affluence brought about a change in spending and in taste,
this time for the more expensive foreign beers. But now the micros
are back.

15 Basically all the microbrew is a more flavorful, speciality beer,
not mass-produced but produced in smallish quantities by a small
brewery and often sold locally. Samuel Adams sells in New England,
Redhook Ale in Seattle and Brooklyn Lager originally of course from
New York, also sells in Japan. They are spreading their small wings.
20
People are learning that beer can come in a myriad of tastes and colors,
and it can be fresh and inexpensive, just so long as it is a microbrew.

1. What is the main point the author is trying to make?
(A) American beer is as maligned as French beer.
(B) Americans care for liquor more than beer.
(C) The microbrew is helping American beer become more popular.
(D) The secret of foreign imported beers is the microbrew.
2. Why did they start producing microbrews on the west coast in the 1970s?
(A) To compete with foreign beer.
(B) To compete with the mass-produced beers.
(C) The breweries were too small.
(D) There wasn't enough real ale.
3. What does the author give as the reason why Americans preferred microbrews to foreign beers?
(A) It was cheaper.
(B) There were too many foreign beers on the supermarket shelves.
(C) Foreign beer has too many flavors.
(D) Microbrews are found everywhere.
4. What is NOT a reason for the success of the microbrew?
(A) Color.
(B) Price.
(C) Mass-production.
(D) Flavor.
5. What best describes the author's attitude to the new beer?
(A) It's good for America and Americans.
(B) It's important to the less affluent.
(C) It's best as a draft beer.
(D) It has too many flavors and colors.

Xem lại bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 41 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 40

• Level A ( Trình độ A )
• Level B ( Trình độ B )
• Level C ( Trình độ C )
• TOEFL Test
• Incorrect word-TOEFL