Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 135

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

The Indian cliff dwellings of the southwestern United States are a source of interest and mystery for archeologists. Located in the Four Corners area of the U.S., where Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico meet, the cliff dwellings were constructed during the 5 Great Pueblo period, from approximately 1050 to 1300. The cliff dwellings are whole series of contiguous rooms built in layers into the sides of cliffs. The sleeping rooms of the cliff dwellings were very tiny, often only one to two meters wide and little more than one meter high, and they were built in complexes of up to several hundred rooms 10 together. The front rooms of the complexes were considerably larger. These larger rooms were apparently the rooms where daily life took place. When the cliff dwellings were first found by explorers, they had been abandoned. Archeologists today are uncertain as to when or why they were abandoned and where the inhabitants went. There 15 is some evidence, however, that the inhabitants left the cliff dwellings near the end of the thirteenth century because of a serious drought that is known to have occurred in the area from 1276 to 1299. Archeologists believe that the inhabitants could have left the cliff dwellings to move southwest and southeast. Today the descendants of the cliff 20 dwellers are probably members of the Indian tribes of that area.

1. Which of the following is the best topic for this passage?
(A) The Great Pueblo period
(B) A description of the Indian cliff dwellings
(C) What is known and unknown about the cliff dwellings
(D) The Four Corners area of the United States
2. Why did the Four Corners area receive its name?
(A) The area is a square with four corners.
(B) The cliff dwellings in the area each have four corners.
(C) The Great Pueblos are four-cornered.
(D) The corners of four states meet there.
3. According to the passage, when were the cliff dwellings built?
(A) During the Great Pueblo period
(B) After the drought
(C) Sometime before 1050
(D) At the same time that the explorers found them
4. According to the passage, what size were the sleeping chambers?
(A) Wide
(B) Small
(C) High
(D) Large
5. According to the passage, what were the cliff dwellings like when the explorers first found them?
(A) Thriving
(B) Full of daily life
(C) Empty
(D) In a state of drought
6. According to the passage, what do archeologists believe caused the cliff dwellers to abandon their homes?
(A) A lack of food
(B) Warfare with neighboring tribes
(C) A desire to find a safer location
(D) A shortage of water
7. According to the passage, which of the following are the authorities certain about?
(A) Why the cliff dwellers abandoned their homes
(B) That a drought occurred in the Four Corners area from 1276 to 1299
(C) Where the inhabitants of the cliff dwellings went
(D) When the cliff dwellers abandoned their homes
8. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?
(A) The lifestyle of the cliff dwellers
(B) The size of the cliff dwellings
(C) The mystery surrounding the abandonment of the cliff dwellings
(D) The location of the cliff dwellings

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Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 134

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: Distillation, the process of separating the elements of a solution, is widely used in industry today. The two most common methods of
distillation are fractional distillation, used in the preparation of alcoholic beverages, and flash distillation, used for the conversion 5 of ocean water to fresh water. In fractional distillation a mixtureis separated into its various component parts by boiling. This method makes use of the fact that different elements boil at varying temperatures. For example, alcohol has a considerably lower boiling temperature than water: the boiling temperature of water is 212 degrees and the 10 boiling temperature of alcohol is 172 degrees. Thus, when a mixture of alcohol and water is heated, the alcohol vaporizes more quickly than the water. The distillate is collected and the process is repeated until the desired purity has been achieved. Flash distillation does not require high temperatures but instead is based on pressure. In 15 this process, a liquid that is to be separated is forced from a compartment kept under high pressure into a compartment kept at a lower pressure. When a liquid moves into the low-pressure chamber, it suddenly vaporizes, and the vapor is then condensed into distillate.

1. According to the passage, what makes fractional distillation occur?
(A) Time
(B) Pressure
(C) Heat
(D) Water
2. According to the passage, fractional distillation can occur only if
(A) one element is at a higher pressure than the other
(B) the elements of the solution have different boiling temperatures
(C) the solution is forced from a compartment at one temperature into a compartment at another temperature
(D) the solution to be distilled is completely pure
3. Which of the following statements about boiling temperatures is true?
(A) All elements have the same boiling temperature.
(B) Water boils at a lower temperature than alcohol.
(C) Any solution containing water boils at 212 degrees.
(D) Water does not boil at as low a temperature as alcohol.
4. According to the passage, in the flash distillation process, what causes the liquid to vaporize?
(A) The pressure on the liquid is suddenly changed.
(B) The liquid changes compartments.
(C) The addition of sea water to a solution causes a chemical change to occur.
(D) There is a rapid increase in the pressure on the liquid.
5. Which of the following processes would probably involve distillation?
(A) Adding a new substance to a mixture
(B) Dividing a pure element into smaller quantities
(C) Mixing two elements together to form a new solution
(D) Removing impurities from a solution
6. The main purpose of this passage is to
(A) explain how salt water can be turned into fresh water
(B) give an example of fractional distillation
(C) describe a scientific process
(D) discuss the boiling temperatures of various liquids

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Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 133

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   The invention of the phonograph happened quite by accident. Thomas
Edison moved to Menlo Park, New Jersey, in 1876, where he established
an industrial research laboratory. There Edison worked on a carbon
telephone transmitter to improve the existing Bell system. In that
5  laboratory a year later Edison invented the phonograph while trying
to improve a telegraph repeater. He attached a telephone diaphragm
to the needle in the telegraph repeater to produce a recording that
could be played back. After some improvements to the machine, he
recited "Mary Had a Little Lamb" and played the recognizable reproduction
10 of his voice back to an astonished audience.

1. What is the best title for the passage?
(A) Thomas Edison's Many Inventions
(B) Improvements in the Telephone and Telegraph
(C) The History of Menlo Park
(D) A Surprise Invention
2. According to the passage, the invention of the phonograph
(A) was quite unplanned
(B) was Edison's principal project
(C) was surprising to no oneonists
(D) took many years
3. In what year did the invention of the phonograph occur?
(A) 1876
(B) 1877
(C) 1878
(D) The article does not say.
4. According to the passage, how was the phonograph made?
(A) With a telephone needle and a recorder
(B) From a recording of a telegraph
(C) With only a telegraph repeater
(D) From a combination of telephone and telegraph parts
5. According to the passage, how did Edison test his new invention?
(A) He made improvements to the machine.
(B) He used a carbon transmitter.
(C) He read a children's rhyme.
(D) He reproduced the audience's voice.
6. According to the passage, how did people feel when they heard Edison's rendition of "Mary Had a Little Lamb"?
(A) Perplexed
(B) Amazed
(C) Aggravated
(D) Detached

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Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 132

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   Geographically, California's diversity is breathtaking, and the state's
coastline from north to south is no exception. Measuring 840 miles
in length, the coast consists of the rugged cliffs of the Coast Ranges
in the north and wide sandy beaches in the south. Along the coastline
5  there are two major harbors, one in the north at San Francisco, the
other in the south at San Diego. Near Humboldt and Monterey are smaller
natural harbors.

1. The topic of this passage is
(A) how the state of California is divided into north and south
(B) the variations in California's coastal geography
(C) the breathtaking beauty of California
(D) the exceptions in coastal geography
2. According to the passage, what measures 840 miles in length?
(A) The California coastline
(B) The Coast Ranges
(C) The rugged cliffs
(D) The exceptional part of northern California
3. The Coast Ranges are
(A) flat, sandy areas on the coast of California
(B) found in southern California
(C) a series of mountains
(D) hundreds of miles north of the cliffs
4. It is implied in the passage that northern California
(A) has more beaches than southern California
(B) is roughly the same as southern California
(C) has fewer major harbors than southern California
(D) has a substantially different coastline from southern California
5. According to the passage, where are the major harbors located in California?
(A) In San Diego
(B) Only in northern California
(C) Near Humboldt and Monterey
(D) In the north and in the south

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Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 131

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi:

   Rock and soil samples brought back from the moon by the Apollo astronauts
have taught scientists much about the composition of the moon. Moon
soil contains small bits of rock and glass and was probably ground
from larger rocks when meteors impacted with the surface of the moon.
5  Scientists found no trace of animal or plant life in the moon soil.
In addition to the moon soil, astronauts gathered two basic types
of rocks from the surface of the moon: basalt and breccia. Basalt
is a cooled and hardened volcanic lava common to the earth. Since
basalt is formed under extremely high temperatures, the presence
10 of this type of rock is an indication that the temperature of the
moon was once extremely hot. Breccia, the other kind of rock brought
back by the astronauts, was formed during the impact of falling objects
on the surface of the moon. This second type of rock consists of
small pieces of rock compressed together by the force of impact.
15 Gases such as hydrogen and helium were found in some of the rocks,
and scientists believe that these gases were carried to the moon
on the streams of gases that are constantly emitted from the sun.

1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
(A) The Apollo Astronauts
(B) Soil on the Moon
(C) What the Moon is Made of
(D) Basalt and Breccia
2. According to the passage, what does moon soil consist of?
(A) Hydrogen and helium
(B) Large chunks of volcanic lava
(C) Tiny pieces of stones and glass
(D) Streams of gases
3. Which of the following was NOT brought back to the earth by the astronauts?
(A) Basalt
(B) Soil
(C) Breccia
(D) Plant life
4. According to the passage, breccia was formed
(A) when objects struck the moon
(B) from volcanic lava
(C) when streams of gases hit the surface of the moon
(D) from the interaction of helium and hydrogen
5. According to the passage, what do scientists believe about the gases found in the moon rocks?
(A) The gases came to the moon from the sun.
(B) The gases were created inside the rocks.
(C) The streams of gases went to the sun.
(D) The emittance of the gases caused the moon's temperature to rise.
6. The author's purpose in this passage is to
(A) describe some rock and soil samples
(B) explain some of the things man has learned from space flights
(C) propose a new theory about the creation of the moon
(D) demonstrate the difference between basalt and breccia

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