Choice of Lesson (Bấm chuột vào ô sổ xuống bên dưới và chọn bài kiểm tra)

Level A Level B Level C TOEFL Incorrect word TOEFL Reading Comprehension Synonym word TOEFL

Monday, October 29, 2007

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 130

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders,
has long been a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock
to see the two falls that actually comprise Niagara Falls: the 53-meter
high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River and
5  the 55-meter high American Falls on the U.S. side of the river. Most
visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular
activity to take a steamer out on to the river and right up to the
base of the falls for a close-up view. It is also possible to get
a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along
10 the Niagara River such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one
of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since
the 1800's. Because of concern that the large number of tourists
would destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the State
15 of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect
the land surrounding American Falls. A year later Canada created
Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe
Falls.

1. According to the passage, which best describes Niagara Falls?




2. The passage implies that tourists prefer




3. What is a "steamer" (line 7)?




4. According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created?




5. What is the major point the author is making in this passage?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 130 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 129

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:51:00 PM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 129

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Biofeedback is on the verge of becoming an important tool in medical
therapy. Using biofeedback, a patient can learn to control certain
body systems, such as heartbeat, temperature, or blood pressure,
that are normally autonomic or self-regulating. The patient is attached
5  to a machine measuring the function he wishes to control. When the
desired result is achieved, the patient hears a steady tone that
indicates that the patient has successfully manipulated that body
function to a more desirable state. For example, if a patient wishes
to learn to control his heartbeat, he is attached to a biofeedback
10 machine monitoring his heartbeat. When the patient manages to successfully
slow his heart beat, the biofeedback machine rewards him with a low,
dull noise. Today researchers are using biofeedback to treat patients
with such maladies as irregular heartbeat, migraine headaches, and
high blood pressure. The medical community foresees myriad applications
15 that may be treated with biofeedback in the future.

1. The main purpose of this passage is to




2. According to the passage, what is an autonomic body process?




3. According to the passage, how does a patient know that he has achieved a desired result when using a biofeedback machine?




4. Which of the following medical problems would probably NOT be treated by biofeedback?




5. According to the passage, what do medical authorities see in the future for biofeedback?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 128 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 129

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:43:00 PM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 128

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   In the beginning of the nineteenth century, the American educational
system was desperately in need of reform. Private schools existed,
but only for the very rich, and there were very few public schools
because of the strong sentiment that a child who would grow up to
5  be a laborer should not "waste" his time on education but should
instead prepare himself for his life's work. It was in the face of
this public sentiment that educational reformers set about their
task. Horace Mann, probably the most famous of the reformers, felt
that there was no excuse in a republic for any citizen to be uneducated.
10 As Superintendent of Education in the state of Massachusetts from
1837 to 1848, he initiated various changes, which were soon matched
in other school districts around the country. He extended the school
year from five to six months and improved the quality of teachers
by instituting teacher education and raising teacher salaries. Although
15 these changes did not bring about a sudden improvement in the educational
system, they at least increased public awareness as to the need for
a further strengthening of the system.

1. It is implied in the passage that to go to a private school, a student needed




2. Why is the word "waste" (line 5) punctuated in this manner?




3. According to the passage, why did Horace Mann want a better educational system for Americans?




4. According to the passage, which of the following is a change that Horace Mann instituted?




5. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 128 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 127

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:09:00 PM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 127

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Samuel Morse accomplished something that is rarely accomplished: he
achieved fame and success in two widely differing areas. Throughout
his youth he studied art, and after graduating from Yale University
he went on to London in 1811 where his early artistic endeavors met
5  with acclaim. In London he was awarded the gold medal of the Adelphi
Arts Society for a clay figure of Hercules, and his paintings The
Dying Hercules and The Judgement of Jupiter were selected for exhibit
by the Royal Academy. Later in life, after returning to America,
Morse became known for his portraits. His portraits of the Marquis
10 de Lafayette today are on exhibit in the New York City Hall and the
New York Public Library. In addition to his artistic accomplishments,
Morse is also well-known today for his work developing the telegraph
and what is known as Morse Code. He first had the idea of trying
to develop the telegraph in 1832, on board a ship returning to America
15 from Europe. It took eleven long years of ridicule by his associates,
disinterest by the public, and a shortage of funds before Congress
finally allocated $30,000 to Morse for his project. With these funds,
Morse hung a telegraph line from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore, and
on May 24, 1844, a message in the dots and dashes of Morse Code was
20 successfully transmitted.

1. Which of the following is the best topic of this passage?




2. According to the passage, in his early life, Morse concentrated on preparing for which of the following careers?




3. According to the passage, Morse won a prize for which of the following works?




4. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the development of the telegraph?




5. How was the first telegraph message sent from Washington to Baltimore?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 126 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 127

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:08:00 PM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 126

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   The deer is a distinctive animal easily recognized by the antlers
that adorn most species of male deer. These antlers are used by the
males primarily to fight, either for mates or for leadership of the
herd. Deer generally lose their antlers each winter and begin growing
5  new ones in late spring. The new antlers are soft knobs covered with
velvety hairs. Later in the year as the seasons progress, the antlers
grow and harden into solid branches. In the middle of winter, the
full-grown antlers fall off and decay on the ground. The following
spring the process begins again.

1. The deer is called a distinctive animal because it




2. According to the passage, the deer does NOT use its antlers




3. In which month would a deer probably have short, soft, velvety antlers?




4. In winter the mature antlers




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 126 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 125

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 6:39:00 PM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Saturday, October 27, 2007

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 125

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   The Works Progress Administration(WPA),formed during the Great Depression
as part of Roosevelt's New Deal, was created with the express intent
of putting to work as many as possible of the more than 10 million
unemployed in the United States. One of the more controversial programs
5  of the WPA was the Federal Arts Project, a program to employ artists
full-time at such tasks as painting murals in libraries, theaters,
train stations, and airports; teaching various techniques of art;
and preparing a comprehensive study of American crafts. Criticism
of the program centered on what was perceived as the frivolity of
10 supporting the arts at a time when millions were starving, industry
was sagging, farms were barren, and all that could flourish was bankruptcy
courts and soup kitchens.

1. This passage mainly discusses




2. According to the passage, the stated purpose of the WPA was to




3. All the following probably helped to make the Federal Arts Project controversial EXCEPT that




4. When the author states that "... all that could flourish was bankruptcy courts and soup kitchens," he probably means that




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 124 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 125

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 1:47:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 124

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Medical bills in the United States have risen outrageously since the
beginning of the 1960's, and steps need to be taken to reverse this
trend or the average American will not be able to afford medical
care. The major factor in increasing the cost of medical care has
5  been the dramatic increase in the cost of hospital services. The
rise in the cost of hospitalization can be only partly blamed on
inflation since hospital bills in the last two decades have risen
at a considerably higher rate than inflation. Another factor cited
by doctors as a major cause for the increase in the cost of medical
10 care is malpractice. Increasingly large awards for malpractice have
caused doctors to increase their rates to cover the higher malpractice
insurance premiums. Because of the large malpractice awards, doctors
are also prescribing more conservative and more extensive-and therefore
more costly-treatment for patients as a defense against malpractice
15 claims. Whatever the causes of the wild increases in the cost of
medical care, the government needs to take strong action before it
is too late for Americans.

1. What is the subject of this passage?




2. According to the passage, how does the author of this passage feel about the tremendous increase in medical bills?




3. How does the author seem to feel about the tremendous increase in medical bills?




4. The passage implies that a slowing in inflation would have what kind of effect on medical costs?




5. Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage concerning malpractice?




6. What is the author's main point in this passage?




7. What does the paragraph following this passage most likely contain?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 124 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 123

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 1:44:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 123

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel
Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some
of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge
gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837,
5  at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant
ship that was to sail from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England.
His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn
(1849). In 1841 Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the
South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the
10 islands of Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a
backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three years away from home,
Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to
the eastern United States around Cape Horn.
The novel White-Jacket(1850)describes this lengthy voyage as a navy
15 seaman. With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville
developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his
tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the
publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish.
Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white
20 whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle
of man against the universe. The public was not ready for Melville's
literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism.
It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity
during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today.

1. The main subject of the passage is




2. According to the passage, Melville's early novels were




3. In what year did Melville's book about his experience as a cabin boy appear?




4. The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because




5. How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville's popularity?




6. According to the passage, Moby Dick




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 122 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 123

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 1:42:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 122

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Algae is a primitive form of life, a single-celled or simple multiple-celled
organism that is able to conduct the process of photosynthesis. It
is generally found in water but can also be found elsewhere, growing
on such surfaces as rocks or trees. The various types of algae are
5  classified according to pigment.

Blue-green algae, or Cyanophyta, can grow at very high temperatures
and under high-intensity light. This type of algae is the oldest form
of life with photosynthetic capabilities. Fossilized remains of
10 blue-green algae more than 3.4 billion years old have been found in
parts of Africa.

Green algae, or Chlorophyta, is generally found in fresh water. It
reproduces on the surfaces of enclosed bodies of water such as ponds
15 or lakes and has the appearance of a fuzzy green coating on the surface of
the water.

Brown algae, or Phaeophyta, grows in shallow, temperate water. This
type of algae is the largest in size and is most recognizable
20 as a type of seaweed. Its long stalks can be enmeshed on the ocean
floor, or it can float freely on the ocean's surface.

Red algae, or Rhodophyta, is a small, delicate organism found in the
deep waters of the subtropics. This type of algae has an essential role
25 in the formation of coral reefs: it secretes lime from the seawater to
foster the formation of limestone deposits.

1. What is the author's main purpose?




2. Which of the following is NOT true about algae?




3. The word "pigment" at the end of the first paragraph means




4. Algae remnants found in Africa are




5. Green algae is generally found




6. Brown algae would most likely be found




7. According to the passage, red algae is




8. It can be inferred from the passage that limestone deposits serve as the basis of




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 122 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 121

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 1:40:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 121

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   The White House, the official home of the United States President,
was not built in time for George Washington to live in it. It was
begun in 1792 and was ready for its first inhabitants, President
and Mrs. John Adams, in 1800. When the Adamses moved in, the White
5  House was not yet complete, and the Adamses suffered many inconveniences.
Thomas Jefferson, the third president, improved the comfort of the
White House in many respects and added new architectural features
such as the terraces on the east and west ends. When British forces
burned the White House on August 24, 1814, President Madison was
10 forced to leave, and it was not until 1817 that then President James
Monroe was able to return to a rebuilt residence. Since then, the
White House has been occupied by each U.S. President.

1. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this passage?




2. Why did George Washington NOT live in the White House?




3. It can be inferred from the passage that John Adams was




4. According to the passage, which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson's tenure in the White House?




5. According to the passage, when James Monroe came back to the White House, it had been




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 120 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 121

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 1:36:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 120

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   The Great Pyramid of Giza, a monument of wisdom and prophecy, was
built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B.C. Despite its antiquity,
certain aspects of its construction make it one of the truly great
wonders of the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost
5  exactly on true north, south, east, and west - an incredible engineering
fiat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshipers and great astronomers,
so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical
observations.

10 Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure
reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates
that these represent a type of time line of events - past, present,
and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to
coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for
15 future generations and are presently under investigation.

Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a
race are superior to any known today?

1. Approximately how long ago was the Great Pyramid constructed?




2. On what did the ancient Egyptians base their calculations?




3. Why was the Great Pyramid constructed?




4. Why is the Great Pyramid of Giza considered on of the seven wonders of the world?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 120 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 119

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:22:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 119

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ship
afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior to anything
else on the seas that it was dubbed "unsinkable". So sure of this
were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its
5  possible 3.500 passengers.

Many passengers were aboard the night it rammed an iceberg, only two
days at sea and more than half way between England and the New York
destination. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was
10 impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. An unextinguished
fire also contributed to the ship's submersion. Panic increased the
number of casualties as people jumped into the icy water or fought
to be among the few to board the lifeboats. Four hours after the
mishap, another ship, the Carpathia, rescued the survivors - less
15 than a third of those originally aboard.

The infamous Titanic enjoyed only two days of sailing glory on its
maiden voyage in 1912 before plunging into 12,000 feet of water near
the coast of Newfoundland, where it lies today.

1. Which of the following is not true?




2. Which of the following did not contribute to large death toll?




3. How many days was the Titanic at sea before sinking?




4. The word unextinguished means most nearly the same as




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 118 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 119

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:20:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 118

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   In 1971, the great Persian Empire celebrated the 1500th anniversary
of its founding. Its founder was Cyrus the Great, who proclaimed
himself the King of Kings. His son Cambyses succeeded him, conquering
Egypt and expanding the empire. Darius I followed Cambyses and was
5  probably the most famous of this long line of kings. Under his rule,
the empire stretched as far as India. Governors were placed in charge
of the provinces. Extensive systems of roads and waterways improved
communication throughout the realm. He was one of a few ancient rulers
who permitted his subjects to worship as they wished. The magnificent
10 city of Persepolis, founded under his direction in 518 B.C., was
a ceremonial center then as wall as in the 1970's.

1. Who is considered the founder of the Persian Empire?




2. In what year was the Persian Empire founded?




3. Who was the predecessor of Cambyses?




4. Which of the following best describes the empire under Darius I?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 118 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 117

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:19:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 117

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies
of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering
both for the taxpayers and the litigants - and the litigants, of
parties, have to wait sometimes many yeas before having their day
5  in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating
the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come
slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency
10 of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of
pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have
such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences,
in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their
attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and
15 provide for a more orderly trial, The theory behind pretrial conferences
is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will
more readily settle before trial then they realize the adequacy of
their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least
one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial
20 time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually
result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts,
in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable
25 dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing, In
California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge
without the assistance of counsel, The proceedings are quite informal
and there is no pleading - the litigants need to make only a one-sentence
statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff
30 waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in
the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied
if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have
35 their day in court.

1. The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except.




2. What is the main topic of the passage?




3. The word "litigants" in line 28 means most nearly




4. Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?




5. What can we assume from the passage?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 116 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 117

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:17:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 116

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   When buying a house, house must be sure to have it checked for termites.
A termite is much like an ant in its communal habits, although physically
the two insects are distinct.

5  Like those of ants, termite colonies consist of different classes,
each with its own particular job. The most perfectly formed termites,
both male and female, make up the reproductive class. They have eyes,
hard body walls, and fully developed wings. A pair of reproductive
termites founds the colony. When new reproductive termites develop,
10 they leave to form another colony, They use their wings only this
one time and then break them off.

The worker termites are small, blind, and wingless, with soft bodies.
They make up the majority of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers
15 are also wingless and blind but are larger than the workers and have
hard heads and strong jaws and legs. They defend the colony and are
cared for by the workers.

The male and female of the reproductive class remain inside a closed-in
20 cell where the female lays thousands of eggs. The workers place the
eggs in cells and care for them.

1. How are termites like ants?




2. Which of the following is not true?




3. Which of the following statements is probably true?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 116 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 115

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:15:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Monday, October 22, 2007

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 115

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   The First Amendment to the American Constitution declares freedom
of the press to all men. Although this right was not officially adopted
until 1791, the famous Zenger trial of 1735 laid the ground work
for insuring this precious freedom.
5
John Peter Zenger emigrated as a teenager from Germany. In 1733 he
began publishing the New York Weekly Journal, The following year,
he was arrested for writing a story about the crown-appointed governor
of New York. While he was imprisoned for nine months, Zenger's wife
10 dutifully published the newspaper every day, bravely telling the
truth about the corrupt government officials sent by the king to
govern the colonies.

Finally Zenger's long-awaited trial took place. The hostile judge
15 dismissed Zenger's local lawyers, making it necessary for his wife
to seek out Andrew Hamilton, a prominent Philadelphia lawyer. Persuaded
By Hamilton, the jury bravely returned a not-guilty verdict defying
the judge's orders for a convection.

20 As a result of determination and bravery on the part of the colonists,
a lasting victory for freedom of the press was set by a young immigrant.

1. John Peter Zenger was a




2. What political problem existed in the colonies at that time?




3. How long did it take after the Zenger trial before the concept of freedom of the press was officially adopted?




4. Which of the following is not true?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 114 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 115

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:54:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:

Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 114

Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời các câu hỏi: 

   Why would anyone want to set aside a day to honor a lowly little groundhog?
The answer to that question is not certain, but a group of people
get together every February 2 in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to watch
Punxsutawney "Pete" leave his burrow. What "Pete" does next, many
5  believe, will indicate whether spring is just around the corner or
a long way off. You see, in Pennsylvania on this date there is usually
a great deal of snow on the ground, and the little animal has been
hibernating during the long, cold winter, He gorged himself during
the autumn months and then went into his burrow for a long sleep,
10 his body fat helping keep him alive. But as he emerges on February
2, he looks very thin. If the sun is shining brightly and he sees
his shadow, according to legend, it scares him back into his home
where he will stay another six weeks. Should it be cloudy and gray,
the little animal will supposedly wander around for food -- a sure
15 sign that spring is near. While many believe in the groundhog's predictions,
it is unwise to accept them as factual.

1. According to this reading, who do people gather every year to observe the groundhog?




2. How does the groundhog manage to stay alive during the long winter?




3. Which of the following is not true?




4. What prediction does the groundhog supposedly made?




Back Test with: Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 114 và bài Reading-Comprehension-Lesson 113

Được đăng bởi Anonymous tại 7:53:00 AM 0 nhận xét
Nhãn:
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