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Choice of Lesson (Bấm chuột vào ô sổ xuống bên dưới và chọn bài kiểm tra)
A recent investigation by scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey shows that strange animal behavior might help predict future earthquakes. Investigators found such occurrences in a ten-kilometer radius of the epicenter of a fairly recent quake. Some birds screeched and 5 flew about wildly: dogs yelped and ran around uncontrollably.
Scientists believe the animals can perceive these environmental changes as early as several days before the mishap.
10 In 1976 after observing animal behavior, the Chinese were able to predict a devastating quake. Although hundreds of thousands of people were killed, the government was able to evacuate millions of other people and thus keep the death toll at a lower level.
1. What prediction may be made by observing animal behavior?
2. Why can animals perceive these changes when humans cannot?
3. Which of the following is not true?
4. In this passage, the word 'evacuate' in line 13 most nearly means
5. If scientists can accurately predict earthquakes, there will be
Glands manufacture and secrete necessary substances. Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts, but endocrine glands, or ductless glands, release their products directly into the bloodstream.
5 One important endocrine gland is the thyroid gland. It is in the neck and has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid gland collects iodine from the blood and produces thyroxine, an important hormone, which it stores in an inactive form. When thyroxine is needed by the body, the thyroid gland excretes it directly into the bloodstream. 10 Thyroxine is combined in the body cells with other chemicals and affects many functions of the body.
The thyroid gland may be underactive or overactive, resulting in problems, An underactive thyroid causes hypothyroidism, while an overactive 15 one causes hyperthyroidism. The former problem called myxedema in adults and cretinism in children, causes the growth process to slow down. A cretin's body and mind do not grow to their full potential. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, results in extreme nervousness, an increase in heart action, and other problems. 20 Either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may result in goiter, or an enlarged thyroid gland. A goiter will appear when the body is not getting enough iodine. Goiter is less common today, since most people use iodized salt.
1. The thyroid gland is called an endocrine gland
2. A cretin is
3. Which of the following is a probable result of myxedema?
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters 5 seeking admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined was she, that she taught school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition.
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further 10 her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.
Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her 15 sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women.
1. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?
2. What main obstacle almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming a doctor?
3. How many years elapsed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?
4. All of the following are "firsts" in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell, except
An election year is one in which all four numbers are evenly divisible by four (1944, 1948, etc). Since 1840, American presidents elected in years ending in zero have been destined to die in office. William H. Harrison, the man who served the shortest term, died of pneumonia 5 several weeks after his inauguration.
Abraham Lincoln was one of four presidents who were assassinated. He was elected in 1860, and his untimely death came just five years later. 10 James A. Garfield, a former Union army general from Ohio, was shot during his first year in office (1881) by a man to whom he wouldn't give a job.
15 While, in his second term of office (1901), William McKinley, another Ohioan, attended the Pan-American Exposition at buffalo, New York. During the reception, he was assassinated while shaking hands with some of the guests.
20 Three years after his election in 1920, Warren G. Harding died in office. Although it was never proved, many believe he was poisoned.
Franklin D. Roosevelt had been elected four times (1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944), the only man to serve so long a term. He had contracted 25 polio in 1921 and died of the illness in 1945.
John F. Kennedy, the last of the line, was assassinated in 1963, only three years after his election. Will 1980's candidate suffer the same fate?
1. Which of the following was not an election year?
2. Which president served the shortest term in office?
3. Which of the following is true?
4. How many president elected in years ending in zero since 1840 have died in office?
Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosine, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source crude oil found below the earth's surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 5 25,000 feet into the earth's interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.
10 Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.
Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition 15 is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen 20 forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.
The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating 25 and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosine, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of 30 the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various styles of gasolines.
1. Which of the following is not true?
2. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because
3. Which of the following is true?
4. How is crude oil brought to the surface?
5. Which of the following is not listed as a light oil?
The mighty, warlike Aztec nation felt that its existence depended upon human sacrifices. The sun would not shine, the crops would not grow, and wars would not be won if the gods were not appeased. As brutal as the ceremonies were, the victims (usually taken from among 5 captives from battles) accepted their fate passively, having been previously indoctrinated and heavily sedated.
1. Why did the Aztecs offer human sacrifices?
2. Before the sacrifices, the victims were
3. In what manner did the victims accept their destiny?
Sequoyah was a young Cherokee Indian, son of a white trader and an Indian squaw. At an early age, he became fascinated by "the talking leaf," an expression that he used to describe the white man's written records. Although many believed this "talking leaf" to be a gift 5 from the Great Spirit, Sequoyah refused to accept that theory. Like other Indians of the period, he was illiterate, but his determination to remedy the situation led to the invention of a unique 86-character alphabet based on the-sound patterns that he heard.
10 His family and friends thought him mad, but while recuperating from a hunting accident, he diligently and independently set out to create a form of communication for his own people as well as for other Indians. In 1821, after twelve years of work, he had successfully developed a written language that would enable thousands of Indians to read 15 and write.
Sequoyah's desire to preserve words and events for later generations has caused him to be remembered among the important inventors. The giant redwood trees of California, called "sequoias" in his honor, 20 will further imprint his name in history.
1. What is the most important reason that Sequoyah will be remembered?
2. How did Sequoyah's family react to his idea of developing his own "talking leaf"?
3. What prompted Sequoyah to develop his alphabet?
4. The word "illiterate" in line 6 means most nearly
Napoleon Bonaparte's ambition to control all the are a around the Mediterranean Sea led him and his French soldiers to Egypt. After losing a naval battle, they were forced to remain there for three years. In 1799, while constructing a fort, a soldier discovered a 5 piece of stele (stone pillar bearing an inscription) known as the Rosetta stone. This famous stone, which would eventually lead to the deciphering of ancient, Egyptian hieroglyphics dating to 3100 B.C., was written in three languages: hieroglyphics (picture writing), demotic (a shorthand version of hieroglyphics), and Greek. Scientists 10 discovered that the characters, unlike those in English, could be written from right to left and in other directions as well.
Twenty-three years, after discovery of the Rosetta stone, Jean Francois 14 Champollion, a French philologist, fluent in several languages, was able to decipher the first word - Ptolemy – name of an Egyptian ruler. This name was written inside an oval called a "cartouche." Further investigation revealed that cartouches contained names of important people of that period. Champollion painstakingly continued his search 19 and was able to increase his growing list of known phonetic signs. He and an Englishman, Thomas Young, worked independently of each other to unravel the deeply hidden mysteries of this strange language. Young believed that sound values could be assigned to the symbols, while Champollion insisted that the pictures represented words.
1. How many years elapsed between the date of the oldest hieroglyphics deciphered by means of the Rosetta stone and the stone's discovery?
2. Which of the following languages was not written on the Rosetta stone?
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
4. When was the first word from the Rosetta stone deciphered?
5. What was the first word that was deciphered from the Rosetta stone?
6. Why were Napoleon's soldiers in Egypt in 1799?
7. Who was responsible for deciphering the first word?
As the south was beginning to find itself after the American Civil War, the North, too, focused its interest on the lands below the Mason-Dixon line. Northerners swarmed over the South: journalists, agents of prospective investors, speculators with plans for railroads, 5 writers anxious to expose themselves to a new environment. One of these was Constance Fenimore Woolson, a young woman from New Hampshire, a grandniece of James Fenimore Cooper, who like many Northerners, was drawn to the unhappy South by affection, compassion, admiration, or the charm of the life there. With her singular gift of minute 10 observation and a talent for analysis, her imagination lingered over the relics of the ancient South, the quaintly emblazoned tablets and colonial tombs, the wrecked old mansions that stood near by, perhaps in ruined rice lands amid desolated fields and broken dikes. Such was the dwelling on the Georgia sea island that sidled and leaned 15 in Jupiter Lights with one of its roofless wings falling into the cellar. After St. Augustine, Charleston especially attracted Miss Woolson, crumbling as it was but aristocratic still.
In a later novel, Horace Chase, one of the best of all her books, she anticipated Thomas Wolfe in describing Asheville, in which the 21 young capitalist from the North who falls in love with the Southern girl sees the " Lone Star " of future mountain resorts. Miss Woolson was a highly conscious writer, careful, skillful, subtle with a sensitive, clairvoyant feeling for human nature, with the gift of discriminating observation that characterized Howells and Henry James. She was surely 26 best in her stories of the South, fascinated as she was by its splendor and carelessness, its tropical plants flowers, odors and birds, and the pathos and beauty of the old order as she saw it in decay.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
2. Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage as the kind of people who went to the South after the Civil War?
The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies : there are both state and federal court. Each state has its own system of courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system 5 consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state) a tier of circuit court of appeal that hear appeals form many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme court of the United states. The two court systems are to some extent 10 overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme 15 court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court - a court of general jurisdiction- in the or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court : for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court 21 and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of- court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the 26 "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
2. According to the passage, district court are also known as
3. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase "engaged in" could best be replaced by which of the following?
4. The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may take them to a
5. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are
6. Which of the following is most likely to be the subject of the paragraph following the passage?
Russian-born Max Weber grew up in New York, studied art there, and then went back to Europe to familiarize himself with contemporary artistic developments. On returning to the United States, Weber worked in the new style he had discovered in Paris and soon became recognized 5 as a pioneer of American abstract painting. an example of his work at the national Galley of Art in Washington, D.C., is a 1915 painting entitled "Rush Hour, New York ". Using abstract, geometrical forms, Weber has expressed the movement, noise, and vibrancy of the great metropolis. The picture blends elements of two European styles: cubism, 10 which shows objects from a number of different angles of vision at the same time, and futurism which portrays speed and objects in motion. Forceful lines and spiky forms throughout the composition convey the energy and vitality of the city. Weber expresses the city' s diversity by juxtaposing forms with rounded and angular shapes to 15 suggest specific element of the urban landscape : skyscrapers, flashing light, and hurrying people.
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
2. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the development of Weber's art?
3. The painting discussed in the passage can be found in
4. "Rush Hour, New York" was completed in the
5. The mood of the painting " Rush Hour, New York " can be best described as
6. According to the passage, Weber uses the style of cubism when he
7. According to the passage, an element of futurism that Weber's painting displays is the
Magnesium is anther mineral we now obtain by collecting huge volumes of ocean water and treating it with chemicals, although originally it was derived only from brines or from the treatment of such magnesium-containing rocks as dolomite, of which whole mountain ranges are composed. In 5 a cubic mile of seawater there are abut four million tons of magnesium. Since the direct extraction method was developed about 1941, production has increased enormously. It was magnesium from the sea that made possible the wartime growth of the aviation industry, for every airplane made in the United States (and in most other countries as well) contains 10 about half a ton of magnesium metal. And it has innumerable uses in other industries where a lightweight metal is desired, besides its long-standing utility as an insulating material, and its use in printing inks, medicines, and toothpastes.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
2. According to the passage, magnesium was first obtained from
3. According to the passage, which of the following was a direct consequence of the new method of obtaining magnesium?
4. According to the passage, why is magnesium important to industry?
5. It can be inferred from the passage that during the past fifty years the demand for magnesium has
When some nineteenth-century New Yorkers said "Harlam" , they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan- wanting, perhaps, to shape a closer and more precise sense of community-designated 5 a section that they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the Harlem to which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side.
10 As the community became predominantly Black, the very work "Harlem" seemed to lose its old meaning. At times, it was easy to forget that "Harlem" was originally the Dutch name "Haarlem" ; that the community it described had been founded by people from Holland; and that for most of its three centuries-it had been occupied by White New Yorkers. 15 "Harlem" became synonymous with Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it themselves- not only to designate their area of residence but to express their sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, "Harlem" assumed an even larger meaning. In the words 20 of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr... the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere". By 1919 Harlem's population has grown by several thousand. It had received its share of wartime migration 24 from the South, the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivals merely lived in Harlem : it was New York they had come to, looking for jibs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves; Harlem was exactly 29 where they wished to be.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
2. In the second paragraph, the author says that Harlem Blacks used the word "Harlem" as though they had coined it themselves to mean that they
3. Which of following areas is NOT mentioned in the passage as a source of Black migration to Harlem?
4. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
5. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses
Sound moves form its source to the ear by wavelike fluctuations in air pressure, something like the crests and troughs of ocean waves. Once way to keep from hearing sound is to use ear plugs. Another way is to cancel out the sound with anti-sound. Using a noisemarker 5 controlled by a microprocessor, engineers have produced sound waves that are half a wavelength out of phase with those of the noise to be quieted-each crest is matched to a trough, and vice versa. Once the researchers have recorded the offending sound, a microprocessor calculates the amplitude and wavelength of sound that will cancel 10 out the crests and troughs of noise. It then produces an electric current that is amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, which produces anti-sound and wipes out the noise. If the anti-sound goes out of synchronization, a microphone picks up the leftover sound and sends it back to the microprocessor, which changes the phase of the anti- 15 sound just enough to cause complete silence.
The research team has concentrated on eliminating low-frequency noise from ship engines, which causes fatigue that can impair the efficiency and alertness of the crew, and may mask the warning sounds of alarm 20 and fog signals.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
2. The passage compares sound to
3. The passage discusses a way to deal with an offensive noise by
4. One of the functions of the microprocessor described in the passage is to
5. The microprocessor described in the passage will probably be used for
6. The researcher mentioned in the passage are concerned about unwanted noise because it can
7. According to the passage, what group of people will probably first from the use of the microprocessor?
8. A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss
For Emily Dickinson there were three worlds, and she lived in all of them, marking them the substance of everything that she thought and wrote. There was the world of nature, the things and the creatures that she saw, heard, felt about her; there was the " estate " that 5 was the world of friendship; and there was the world of the unseen and unheard. From her youth she was looked upon as different. She was direct, impulsive, original, and the droll wit who said unconventional things which others thought but dared not speak, and said them incomparably well. The characteristics which made her inscrutable to those who 10 knew her continue to bewilder surprise, for she lived by paradoxes.
Certainly the greatest paradox was the fact that the three most pervasive friendship were the most elusive. She saw the Reverend Charles Wadsworth of Philadelphia but three of four times in the course of her life, 15 and then briefly, yet her admiration of him as an ideal and her yearning for him as a person were of unsurpassed importance in her growth as a poet. She sought out for professional advice the critic and publicist Thomas Wentworth Higginson and invited his aid as mentor for more than twenty years, though she never once adopted any counsel 20 he dared to hazard. In the last decade of her life, she came to be a warm admirer of the poet and novelist Helen Hunt Jackson, the only qualified judge among Emily Dickinson's contemporaries who believed her to be a great poet, yet Emily Dickinson steadfastly refused to publish even though Mrs. Jackson's importunity was insistent.
1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?
2. According to the passage, many of the people who knew Emily Dickinson thought of her as
3. According to the passage, Helen Hunt Jackson wanted
4. The author's attitude toward Emily Dickinson is
In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged tangibly, in things that could be touched : food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by 5 fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them.
Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to 10 arrays or " bits and bytes " or units of computerized information, whizzing between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices.
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
2. According to the passage, which of the following was the earliest kind of exchange of wealth?
3. The author mentions food, tools and precious metals and stones together because they are all
4. According to the passage, coins once had real value as currency because they
5. Which of the following statements about computerized monetary systems is NOT supported by the passage?
