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Choice of Lesson (Bấm chuột vào ô sổ xuống bên dưới và chọn bài kiểm tra)
What are the keys to career success? Our background? Our education? Maybe. But they only affect our careers; they by no means guarantee success. If there is any guarantee of success, and that is questionable, it is through one's own intrinsic qualities, one's own hard work 5 and a constant re-assessment of one's goals.
A recent study in the US showed that something between 10 and 20% of the Harvard College Class of 1958 have lost their jobs in the past ten years. So, not only the best education but also the best 10 possible social background cannot guarantee career success.
If these people, mainly men, had not believed their background was an insurance to success in life, and if they had searched for ways to make new and better-quality contributions to their work, they 15 wouldn't now be out of work. Anyone can succeed, and anyone can fail, and in terms of one's career this is very important to recognize. As long as one has goals and one takes action to achieve these goals, then one can be said to be following a successful career strategy.
1. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the passage?
2. As used in line 4 the word "intrinsic" means
3. What does the author imply the reason is why the Harvard graduates lost their jobs?
4. What is the way to a successful career strategy?
5. What is the author's attitude to having a good education?
One of the factors in global warming is carbon monoxide. The more carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, the less the atmosphere is able to clean itself. The result is a warming of the atmosphere, the so-called global warming, and possibly ozone damage. 5 Earlier, it was found that carbon monoxide was concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere, and could be attributed to deforestation. Huge areas of forest and grasslands in South America and Africa have been burned, putting carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. Recently, however, 10 the Southern Hemisphere has been found to be clean, while the Northern Hemisphere is more polluted than expected.
The latest research was done during the northern winter. The high levels in the Northern Hemisphere could be because of this. In winter 15 carbon monoxide is destroyed more slowly. There are also more fires burned in winter, and possibly industrial processes work harder. It could also reflect the ever-increasing number of cars on the roads. Optimists hope that the reason why the North has overtaken the South as the major area of carbon monoxide is that at last the burning 20 has stopped, or at least slowed down.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for carbon dioxide?
3. According to the author which of the following is a reason why in winter there is more carbon-monoxide in the atmosphere?
4. Why are the optimists happy?
5. What is the attidude of the author towards the new findings?
Shirts which stay wrinkle-free are now being produced in Japan and the US. Until now, the only solution for people in a hurry has been permanent press shirts, which didn't need ironing after washing or wearing. But they were made of polyester. The new ones don't need 5 ironing either, but they are a combination of the comfort of cotton and the wrinkle-free convenience of polyester.
Polyester shirts became popular in the 1960s because their threads stabilize fabrics. Wrinkles form when the space between the fabric's 10 molecules contracts during washing or wearing. Polyester acts as girders holding the fabric's molecules in place. Unlike the most popular material for shirts, cotton, though, polyester doesn't breathe, let through air, and it can't absorb perspiration.
15 So, the new blends of cotton and polyester and the specially treated cottons will be a big hit, having a much bigger impact than permanent press did. The only problem is the shirts still have a slightly rubbery feel, from the resin the fabric is coated in. However, manufacturers promise that eventually resin-treated cotton shirts will also feel 20 just like cotton.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
2. What is the main difference between the new and old shirts?
3. Why did polyester shirts become popular?
4. An example of the advantages of cotton over polyester is
5. What do you feel the author's attitude to the new shirts is?
The loss of jobs and persistent unemployment in the industrial countries is due mainly to changes in technology. It is thought to be misleading to blame job losses on the shift of corporations from the industrial countries to the Third World. 5 The present technological developments have been compared to a Third Industrial Revolution. The first, coming in the 19th century, was characterized by the steam engine and the use of coal. In the 1920s the second emerged with the use of oil and the electrodynamo. The 10 third, and present one, is driven by computers, biotechnology and information technology.
However, there can be seen weaknesses in the newest of industrial revolutions. The technology is advancing so fast and productivity 15 is rising so fast that we are left with a big problem. Because of the loss in jobs, caused largely by this new technology, there will not be enough people with money to buy all these products.
Technology has definitely enhanced our standard of living, even our 20 quality of life. But as the capacity to produce expands and the lack of purchasing power and consequent demand diminish, there can be overproduction and recession, and what happens to our standard of living?
1. What is the main point the author is making?
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of one of the industrial revolutions?
3. What is stated as being the main weakness of the Third Industrial Revolution?
4. Why does the author think that there won't be enough people to buy the products?
5. What do we infer is the author's attitude to technology?
Researchers don't think there's any question that the discovery of a gene which appears to be linked to many types of cancer is really exciting and the best news for the public in a long time. The gene is involved in a high percentage of human cancers and its discovery 5 might eventually lead to the development of a new anti-cancer treatment.
In normal cells this gene, named MTS1, acts as a brake during the cell division process. But the researchers have found that the cell is missing in about half of the tumor cells they studied, allowing 10 uncontrolled division of cells to take place, and the resulting spread of the cancer.
This discovery could be exploited in two ways, either by supplying the missing gene through gene therapy or by copying its function 15 in a drug. Of course, this is not the first gene to be found that can suppress tumors; in fact it's the eleventh or twelfth. However, because of its seemingly wider presence, or absence, the knowledge of its existence could lead to a cure for some types of cancer.
1. What is the purpose of this passage?
2. Why is the discovery good news for the public?
3. What does MTS1 do?
4. How might the discovery be used in the future?
5. What does the author imply about the new discovery?
According to top executives in the industry, cigarette smoking is merely a nice habit, to be compared with chewing gum or drinking your morning cup of coffee, and is no more addictive than eating candies. But what is in fact the difference between eating donuts 5 and smoking cigarettes? It is one of possible obesity or possible death.
In the U.S. about 400,000 deaths a year can be attributed to cigarette smoking. Cigarette makers insist that there is no proof that heart 10 disease, even lung cancer, or any other disease, is actually caused by cigarettes. They deny adding nicotine to cigarettes; they even deny nicotine is addictive. They say that if it was, how could 40 million Americans have given up smoking in the last 20 years. They compare it to coffee drinking and ask if coffee manufacturers are 15 accused of adding caffeine to their coffee.
Whatever the facts are, there is no doubt however that cigarette manufacturers do try to entice young people, even in their teens, to smoke, by advertisements and promotions that create an image even more addictive 20 than the nicotine in cigarettes.
1. What is the best title for the passage?
2. What is the attitude of cigarette manufacturers to nicotine?
3. Why do cigarette makers compare cigarette smoking with coffee drinking?
4. As used in line 18 the word "entice" means?
5. The author implies in the passage that cigarette manufacturers do?
Scientists believe they now have scientific evidence to prove that ecosystems work better when there is a greater variety of species within them. This bio-diversity is being lost destroying natural mechanisms that could repair the damage caused by man. 5 Findings show that losing plants and animals is not only reducing our quality of life but actually endangering our very existence. We cut down rich rain-forests and replace them with one species plantations, such as pine and eucalyptus. We plough up meadows rich in different 10 grasses and herbs and replace them with one grass, for instance rye or wheat.
When a natural ecosystem is simplified the basic processes in the ecosystem are altered and even damaged. Without their bio-diversity 15 they are not able to serve as the natural cleaners of our planet. No longer are they able to absorb the carbon dioxide that is being produced in excess. The result is global warming, caused by the increase in the "greenhouse effect", and ultimately, or even sooner, there will be a change in the world's climate.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
2. Which of the following is NOT a species used to replace a rich ecosystem?
3. What is the purpose of paragraph 2?
4. What according to the passage might be the final result of the simplification of natural ecosystems?
5. What is the author's attitude to the loss of biodiversity?
Which is the world's highest, driest, coldest and windiest continent? Which is the only place on earth not yet ruined, still untouched by the destructive hand of man? Australasia? Or "the ice", as Antarctica is referred to by its old friends? Of course, the former still has 5 large areas as yet untouched, but nothing like the huge virgin expanses of "the ice".
Now, the virgin continent has become the source of yet another conflict between scientists and environmentalists. The latter believe that 10 Antarctica must be maintained as such and that scientists should be careful not to leave behind anything that might damage the environment. Scientists say that limited local environmental impact has to be expected and accepted, because the continent is an important natural laboratory for estimating the effects humans have on the globe, even 15 functioning as a kind of early-warning system for the whole planet.
There is a treaty designed to protect this continent which has only 8,000 inhabitants and most of them not permanent , but contains 70% of the world's fresh water. Oil and minerals cannot be exploited, 20 but what controls are there on the growing number of scientists, explorers and even tourists?
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
2. According to the passage what is the main reason for the conflict between the scientists and the environmentalists?
3. What cannot be said about Antarctica?
4. Which of the following can people still do in Antarctica?
The Timber rattlesnake, once widespread throughout the eastern United States, is now on the endangered species list and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once thrived. Compared to its western cousins, the Timber rattlesnake may be especially vulnerable because 5 of certain behaviors adapted for coping with the cold climate in which it lives.
Rattlesnakes are generally found in warm climates because, like all reptiles, they cannot generate or regulate their own body temperature 10 internally and must rely on the sun's warmth for heat. But Timber rattlesnakes migrated into colder northern areas about 8,000 years ago when glaciers retreated. In these northern regions, the snakes developed a number of adaptive strategies to survive, but ultimately these behaviors make them more vulnerable to human predation, their 15 main threat.
One survival strategy the snakes have developed is hibernation. For approximately eight months of the year, the rattlers remain motionless in deep frost-free crevices, with their body temperature dropping 20 as low as 40 degrees. In the spring when they emerge, they must warm their chilled bodies by sunning for three or four days on rocks in the open. This behavior, coupled with the fact that Timber rattlesnakes tend to concentrate in large numbers at their wintering sites, makes them easy prey. Gestating females are particularly vulnerable because 25 they spend much of their time basking in the sun in order to produce live young from eggs. In addition, females have very long interbirth intervals, producing live young only every three to five years. If a frost or cold spell comes late in the year, the entire litter of six to twelve young may die. 30 Efforts are underway to protect the Timber rattlesnake and its habitat from further human depredation, but in many states it is already too late.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "vulnerable" in line 4?
3. Which of the following is true about Timber rattlesnakes?
4. In line 19, the word "crevices" could be replaced by which of the following?
5. Which of the following could best replace the word "emerge" in line 20?
6. In which of the following places might a person be most likely to find Timber rattlesnakes in the spring?
7. Which of the following could best replace the phrase "coupled with" in line 22?
8. The phrase "easy prey" in line 24 could best be replaced by which of the following?
9. Which of the following words can best replace the word "basking" in line 25?
10. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT contribute to the rattlesnake being an endangered animal?
11. Which of the following could best replace the word "depredation" in line 32?
12. What is the author's tone attitude toward the topic?
Baseball has been dubbed "America's favorite sport",and many fans contend that there is no greater thrill than watching a good pitcher throw the ball skillfully in a series of expertly delivered "fast" and "curve" balls. Two such pitches, the "rising fastball" and the 5 "breaking curveball" are particularly exasperating to batters because these balls tend to veer in one direction or the other just as they reach home plate. The "rising fastball" zooms forward only to jump up and over the bat as the batter swings. The "breaking curveball" curves toward home plate, but plunges downward unexpectedly at the 10 last moment. Batters attempt to anticipate these pitches, and respond accordingly, while pitchers work at perfecting their "fast" and "curve" ball deliveries.
But, according to studies conducted by a team of engineers and psychologists, 15 the "rising fastball" and the "breaking curveball" do not actually exist; they are merely optical illusions. The studies revealed that batters perceive the ball as approaching more slowly or falling more quickly than it actually is, and it is this misperception that produces the visual illusion. Batters tend to have difficulty tracking a ball 20 continuously as it approaches and will briefly divert their eyes to the spot where they think the ball will cross the plate. When a batter has misjudged the speed or angle of a pitch, and shifts his or her gaze in this way, the ball will appear to suddenly rise or dip, and the batter will often miss. 25 How will this finding affect "America's favorite pastime"? No doubt some will vehemently reject the notion that the "rising fastball" and the "breaking curveball" are mere illusions. But for others, the findings may imbue the game with a new level of intrigue as batters 30 attempt to respond to pitches that don't exist.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss?
2. As used in line 2, the word "contend" could best be replaced by which of the following?
3. Which of the following words could best replace the word "thrill" in line 2?
4. In line 5, the word "exasperating" could best be replaced by which of the following?
5. As used in line 7, the word "zooms" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
6. Which of the following words could best replace the word "plunges" as used in line 9?
7. According to the author, why is it difficult for the batter to hit the "rising fastball" and the "breaking curveball"?
8. In line 16, what does the word "they" refer to?
9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "gaze" as used in line 23?
10. According to the passage, how is the illusion of the "rising fastball" and the "breaking curveball" produced?
11. Which of the following could best replace the word "vehemently" in line 27?
12. The word "imbue" in line 29 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
