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Choice of Lesson (Bấm chuột vào ô sổ xuống bên dưới và chọn bài kiểm tra)
In 776 B.C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, 5 and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow 10 the games to take place.
The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four year cycles called "Olympiads" dating from 776 B.C.
1. Which of the following is not true?
2. Why were the Olympic Games held?
3. Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?
4. ch of the following contests was not mentioned?
5. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
In 1920, after some thirty nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of traveling some seven 5 thousand miles around Cape Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars one-tenth of what it would cost an average ship to round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each year. 10 The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the United States. The latter will control it until the end of the twentieth century when Panama takes over its duties.
1. Who currently controls the Panama Canal?
2. In approximately what year will a different government take control of the Panama Canal?
3. On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn?
4. In what year was construction probably begun on the canal?
Hot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has. accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling of an 5 entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers. 10 Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue. 15 Early excision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased and storage yields increased. 20 Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.
1. Which of the following was not mentioned as a draw back of conventional methods of boning?
2. Hot boning is becoming very popular because
3. Carcass chiller means most nearly
4. Early excision means most nearly
5. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combated by
The Stone Age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million B.C. and lasted until 3000 B.C. Its name was derived fromthe stone tools and weapons that modern scientists found. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages. 5 During the first period, (2 million to 8000 B.C.) the fist hatchet and use of fire for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic Age, people were forced to seek shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. 10 During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.) people made crude pottery and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting, and developed a bow and arrow, which was used until the fourteenth century A.D.
15 The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) saw humankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle, being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing permanent settlements, and creating governments.
1. Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided?
2. Which of the following was developed earliest?
3. Which of the following developments is not related to the conditions of the Ice Age?
4. Which period lasted longest?
5. Which of the following periods saw people develop a more communal form of living?
6. The author states that the Stone Age was so named because
Footracing is a popular activity in the United States. It is seen not only as a competitive sport but also as a way to exercise, to enjoy the camaraderie of like-minded people, and to donate money to a good cause. Though serious runners may spend months training 5 to compete, other runners and walkers might not train at all. Those not competing to win might run in an effort to beat their own time or simply to enjoy the fun and exercise. People of all ages, from those of less than one year (who may be pushed in strollers) to those in their eighties, enter into this sport. The races are held on city 10 streets, on college campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and they are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in length.
The largest footrace in the world is the 12-kilometer Bay to Breakers race that is held in San Francisco every spring. This race begins 15 on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean. There may be 80,000 or more people running in this race through the streets and hills of San Francisco. In the front are the serious runners who compete to win and who might finish in as little as 34 minutes. Behind them are the thousands 20 who take several hours to finish. In the back of the race are those who dress in costumes and come just for fun. One year there was a group of men who dressed like Elvis Presley, and another group consisted of firefighters who were tied together in a long line and who were carrying a firehose. There was even a bridal party, in which the 25 bride was dressed in a long white gown and the groom wore a tuxedo. The bride and groom threw flowers to bystanders, and they were actually married at some point along the route.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to
2. As used in line 1, the word "activity" is most similar to which of the following?
3. The word "cameraderie" as used in line 3 could be best replaced by which of the following?
4. The phrase "to a good cause" in line 4 could be best replaced by which of the following?
5. Which of the following is NOT implied by the author?
6. The word "beat" as used in line 6 could be best replaced by which of the following?
7. As used in line 8, the word "strollers" refers to
8. In what lines does the author give reasons for why people enter footraces?
9. The word "costumes" as used in line 21 most likely refers to
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?
11. A "bystander" as used in line 26 refers to which of the following?
12. Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
