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The Sphenisciformes order of birds is a particularly distinct, homogeneous
one, comprising a single family, Spheniscidae, the penguins. The
distribution of these birds is limited to the Southern Hemisphere.
One species of the eighteen in this order, the Galapagos penguin,
5 lives at the equator, and a few species inhabit in subantarctic waters.
Total populations of most species run into the millions and some
are noticeably increasing, apparently due to sharp reductions in
the numbers of Antarctic Wales, which compete with penguins for the
krill that form the basis of both animals' diets. Most species of
10 penguins lay two eggs, though the emperor and king penguins lay only
one, and incubation is performed by the male and female parent alternately,
once the female has returned from some two weeks at sea, where she
feeds and recovers from the effort of egg-laying. Here, too, the
emperor penguin proves to be an exception to the rule, for the female
15 usually has to walk from 50 to 100 miles to the sea and then walk
the same distance back again, by which time incubation is complete.
1. The passage suggests that most orders of birds are
2. According to the passage, which of the following is not true ?
3. According to the passage, what is the probable reason for the recent increase in the numbers of some penguin species ?
4. It may be inferred from the passage that the species of penguins which have recently increased in number.
5. It may be inferred from the passage that the male emperor penguin incubates the egg alone because the female
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